Killer Angels Essay - 714 Words

Killer Angels The pain, joy, bloodshed, death, and sorrow of the Civil War are all contained in the book called, The Killer Angels. This book will show you the thoughts, feelings and actions of many of the leaders of both armies. By reading this book you will get an in depth view of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. Even if you know absolutely nothing about this war, you can still read and understand everything that is portrayed. This story not only gives you the view of many of the major leaders, but it also gives you the maps an strategies used in this war. It also shows you the conflicts in making these strategies. This book has inspired many, but the true question is will it inspire you? Reading this book will cause†¦show more content†¦Those details keep the reader in the game, so to speak. Another one of the authors man ideas is using the leaders in separate points of view. In every chapter there was a different leader and his point of view. This showed how everyone felt about each battle or occurrence. The author did not attempt to sway the reader to one army or the other. He let the reader choose whose side he or she was on. Michael Shaara does not ever describe army or the other as the bad guys or the good guys. The strategies and tactics used during this war were described in detail. The more important thing described, however, is not the actual strategy, but who made these strategies and what the other leaders thought of them. When General Lee decided to attack the enemy head on instead of going around them, not everyone agreed with the plan. Longstreet, for one, thought that they should have gone around the enemy and hit them from the back. These conflicts were great to see because it showed that everything was not going in perfect unison. It showed that these strategies we not always etched in stone. These plans had the potential to be changed many times. No successful strategy has gone uncontested and unchanged. All of the things that were said and done in the book are all at least somewhat true. Although, many of theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Killer Angels1776 Words   |  8 PagesKiller Angels is a 1974 historical novel by Michael Shaara. The book tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel is told through the voices of both Union army and Confederate Army of Northern Virginia leaders who were in battle there. The novel is laid out in days and each new chapter for the day gives a number and the name of the man who is the focus of the chapter. In Killer Angels, the Army of Northern Virginia’s demise is highlighted by a few different featuresRead More Killer Angels Essay2541 Words   |  11 Pages The Killer Angels The Battle of Gettysburg brought the dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives the full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped America’s future. Michael Shaara tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of the generals and men involved in the action of the battle. The historical account of the BattleRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1634 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor Background Pulitzer Prize-winning author Michael Shaara, the author of The Killer Angels, was born on June 23, 1928 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was an author of science fiction, sports fiction, and historical fiction. Although writing was his passion, Shaara was very athletically successful in high school, winning more awards than any other student in the history of the school for sports such as basketball, track and baseball. He acquired a skill in boxing, and of the 18 matches ShaaraRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Abraham Lincoln1046 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst itself cannot stand.† Lincoln believes that there is no such thing as a balance between free and slave states and that the two contradictory governments are bound to fall. That describes the conflict that occurs in the fictional novel, The Killer Angels, a civil war story between the Union and Confederate states fighting to achieve the government they yearn for. The setting takes place in the midst of the Battle of Gettysburg as the two sides prepare for the fight. The Confederate officers include:Read MoreThe Killer Angels Book Review1641 Words   |  7 PagesKatie Cline The Killer Angels Book Review June 21, 2012 The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara: The Random House Publishing Group, New York, 1974. The Killer Angels is a stunning recollection of the telltale battle of the Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg. Set from June 29 to July 3, 1863 and told from the vantage points of several soldiers and commanding officers from both sides, including Lee, Longstreet, and Chamberlain, Michael Shaara effectively paints a picture of the war that divided AmericaRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1206 Words   |  5 PagesShawn Gacy American Lit. Mrs. Moyer September 11, 2015 Summer Reading The book I chose to read over the summer was the book The Killer Angels, by Michael Shaara. The Killer Angels tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 1, 1863, the Confederate army, and the Union army, fought the largest battle of the American Civil War. When the battle ended, fifty one thousand men were KIA (Killed In Action), wounded, or MIA (Missing in Action). All the characters in this book are basedRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Killer Angels is a novel written by Michael Shaara which tells the story of the four day battle of Gettysburg from June 30 and ended July 3, 1863.There were two armies in the novel the Union and the Confederate soliders who eneded up fighting in a town called Gettysburg located in Pennsylvania. In the novel, there are four major characters who were all Generals, General Lee, General Longstreet, General Pickett, and Colonel Chamberlain.The main cause of the war was the confederate wanting to splitRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1117 Words   |  5 Pages Michael Shaara’s 1974 historical novel, The Killer Angels, covers the story of the four days of the Battle of Gettysburg that also features maps for visualization. The format of the story is well organized. It begins with a Foreword, which describes in great detail the armies and soldiers involved in the battle. It follows up with four sections and within each section there are chapters that are written in chronological order, covering the events between Monday, June 29, 1863 and Friday, July 3Read MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1947 Words   |  8 Pagesthe dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives this full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped America’s future. Michael Shaara author of â€Å"The Killer Angels,† tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of generals Robe rt E. Lee, Joshua Chamberlain, James Longstreet, and John Buford, and the other men involved in the actionRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Killer Angels Novel written by Michael Shaara describes the Gettysburg battle from the perspective of Robert E. Lee, James Longstreet, various soldiers from both sides, and other men who fought in the battle. This author makes the reader go back in time and actually makes the reader depict the circumstances, and situations that soldiers and generals faced. This Novel makes the reader know that both sides were eager to win, and bring this bloodshed to an end. This amazing Novel shows how neighbor

Renewable Energy Vs. Solar Thermal Power Plants - 1977 Words

2.1. Introduction The limited resources of non-renewable energy and the fluctuation of fuel price have forced the world to find clean and economical natural energy resources by means of renewable energy. Solar energy is a sustainable alternative option that can be utilized in various ways and can be used in many applications. The world has experienced enormous enlargement in energy and fuel consumption with lacking of energy resources. Moreover, the finite fossil fuel resource could not cope up with the increasing energy demand. According to the World Health Organization, air pollution is now the world’s largest single environmental health risk. Lately, the statistics have shown that air pollution is responsible for approximately two million deaths a year [1]. Conventional power plants are the major source of air pollutions due to toxic emissions such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. Alternative power plants that work on renewable resources have been dedicated for this purpose. Different types of renewable energy and solar thermal power plants will be presented in this chapter. 2.2. Renewable Energy Recently, the constraints of reducing fuel consumption and pollution have improved the efforts toward renewable energies. Renewable energy resources such as sunlight, wind and water are eventually unlimited and are much more eco-friendly than fossil fuel. It can be used directly as solar ovens and geothermal heating, or indirectly by creating another form of energyShow MoreRelatedGreen Engineering Essay883 Words   |  4 Pagessystems that meet the needs of humanity, while protecting the environment. Green engineering is governed by the following principles: Use the least amount of energy to achieve any given task. Generate as much energy as possible using renewable resources. Generate the least amount of pollutants and by-products during energy generation. Use renewable and biodegradable materials to a maximum extent for building structures and fabricating products. Reduce waste during construction and fabrication. DesignRead MoreEssay on Concerns about Energy, the Economy and the Environment1860 Words   |  8 Pagessome may have about the energy we use, the cost to produce and use this energy as well as the effects it has on the environment could possibly be alleviated, to some extent, but may not resolve all that has not yet been foreseen or even understood. The use of energy is in great demand, as population continues to grow in America and around the world. Every day, people in society rely upon some type of energy source to provide reasonable means to accommodate needs; such as to power their homes with electricRead MoreRenewable Energy: Is It the Solution?1571 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Renewable energy is considered a revolutionary thing, something that can save us from peak oil and climate change, but is it really what it seems? Renewable energy can help ease our predicament. There are multiple ways to achieve this, including the use of newer, greener technologies such as wind, solar power, and biomass. The purpose of this paper is to educate, theorize, and discuss various aspects of renewable energy, such as its history, development, and the advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreNuclear Fusion And Nuclear Energy Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages ¬Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom. Atoms are tiny particles that make up every object in the universe. There is enormous energy in the bonds that hold atoms together. Nuclear energy can be used to make electricity. But first the energy must be released. It can be released from atoms in two ways: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. In nuclear fusion, energy is released when atoms are combined or fu sed together to form a larger atom. This is how the sun produces energy. In nuclearRead MoreEssay On The World In 20501215 Words   |  5 PagesThe World in 2050: Energy Climate Change Overview: Successfully reducing the effects of climate change to meet the goal set by the Paris Agreement, to keep warming well below +2ËšC (relative to pre-industrial temperatures), requires implementing policies that allow people the autonomy to be creative, enjoy life, and do what they desire to do, while at the same time, limiting the amount of global warming (â€Å"Energy,† 2017). The issue: Implementing policies that will successfully meet the goal setRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources2307 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Alternative / Renewable Energy Sources vs. Dependence on Oil Introduction Will solar energy and other renewable, alternative energy sources, replace the current main source of electrical energy production oil and coal? What alternative energy sources show the most potential for producing electrical energy in the future? How will this transition take place and when will it take place? What are the educated projections for the time in which crude oil will no longer be vital to producing electricityRead MoreSolar Energy : An Reliable Source Of Energy1771 Words   |  8 Pageshave increased and so have the energy demands. Various forms of pollution have increased as countries industrialized. Electricity generation by industries emits soot mass, sulphate aerosol and water vapor into the atmosphere thus contributing to the ever increasing pollution. Most counties rely of fossil fuels like oil and natural gas to sustain domestic energy needs. This trend is being reversed in both China and Saudi Arabia with both embracing solar energy. Solar energy has proved to be the best optionRead MoreRenewable Energy : Fossil Fuels1863 Words   |  8 PagesDisadvantages of fossil energy 4 Renewable energy  and how they are generated 5 Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Renewable energy is currently one of the most preferred energy sources worldwide. Over the past few decades, there has been a raging debate on the capacity of renewable energy to meet the needs of the society. Despite the fact that it has public backing and several benefits over other sources of energy such as fossil fuelsRead MoreZero Energy Buildings4755 Words   |  20 PagesIMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS ACHIEVING ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS ABSTRACT As the energy consumption, industrial production and automobile usage around the world increases gradually, the efforts to meet the steadily increasing energy demand would leave the environment devastated. Traditional buildings consume as much as 40% of the primary energy consumed worldwide and are major contributors for greenhouse gases. Hence, with the intention of reducingRead MoreBureaucratic And Government Organizations : Policies And Bottlenecks1586 Words   |  7 PagesPolicies and Bottlenecks in clean energy investments. VIKAS PATEL, 1402207, NITIE Mumbai EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Developing countries needs huge investment in energy sector to achieve development goals Deployment of new clean technology can help meet two objective in energy sector: to improve access to and reliability on modern energy services and to help shift to sustainable energy development. Modern era technology has the potential to increase the availability of cleaner energy at low cost and maintaining

Networking Technologies Journal of Computer Science Issues

Question: Describe about the Networking Technologies for Journal of Computer Science Issues. Answer: Advantages and disadvantages of bus, mesh and star physical topologies Topologies Advantages Disadvantages BUS Example: 10base-5 (ThickNet) and 10Base-2 (ThinNet) It is easier to connect a peripheral or a computer to a linear bus. It is well-suited for small networks. It is cheaper to implement (Heidarifar Ghasemi, 2016, p. 250). It cannot be used as a single standalone solution. If there is a break in the main cable, then entire network will shut down. Isolating faults within the network nodes is difficult. MESH Example: WAN and Internet This network consists of many alternate paths for data transmission and therefore the entire network does not shut down due to a failure of a single node. It is easy to identify faults due to point-to-point of contact between each pair of nodes. It is possible to send and receive data from one node to several other nodes at the same time owing to the design of the network (Pandya, 2013). The maintenance and costs incurred are high since a lot of cabling are required. A mesh network is complex and therefore, its administration is difficult. In this network, the node of one network is connected to all other nodes in the network, many of them have no significant use which contributes to network connection redundancy. STAR Example: LocalTalk or Ethernet The topology possesses lesser security risk as the analysis of traffic is easy. Detection of faults in the network devices is easy because of the centralized nature of the network. Traffic load is handled better with good speeds because of the high-capacity central hub. The data does not pass through many nodes in this network (Goyal, Ram, Dua, 2016, p. 11). Extra hardware is required, and therefore cost of setup runs high. The capacity of the central hub dictates the number of nodes that can be added. The entire of operation of the network depends on the central hub; hence, failure entire network fails if the central hub experiences failure. Explanation of OSI model is better than the TCP/IP model. Reason it hasn't taken over from the TCP/IP model OSI model is better than TCP/IP model because: The standard of OSI is protocol independent and generic, while the TCP/IP model is created on standard protocols. Compared to TCP/IP, OSI provides a wide variety of choice. Its universal platform means OSI works on any operating system. iii. Product functionality is interpreted at every stage of the OSI layer. For security purpose, OSI encrypts the data. Compression and expansion of messages are made less complicated so that messages travel efficiently from one device to another. The addition of multiple network models is easy (Edwards Bramante, 2015). The Internet was originally planned to be built on the OSI model, but it failed due to politics, bad implementation, technology and bad timing. When TCP/IP model was completed at that time, a lot of money and time had been already invested in OSI model. The presentation and session layers were empty while the data link layer was clogged. TCP/IP was more reliable than OSI and supported Unix, which was used in academia. Eventually, OSI model became a poor model; it was discarded, and TCP/IP was adopted (Bora, Bora, Singh, Arsalan, 2014). Fig 1: TCP/IP and OSI model (Source: Heidarifar Ghasemi, 2016, p. 250) Calculation of approximate bit rate and signal level(s) for a 3.5 MHz bandwidth system with a signal to noise ratio of 133 Capacity of Channel: Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 private addressing. Reason behind same private addresses in different locations causes conflict on the Internet Ali (2012) opined that, all the addresses of IPv4 (Internet Version Protocol 4) are public except three address ranges which are private (p. 315). The private addresses are designed by IETF RFC. Private addresses cannot be used on the Internet and are mainly used organizations. It has a 32-bit address and a total of 232 addresses. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used for mapping IPv4 address to MAC addresses. IPv6 (Internet Version Protocol 6) addresses are temporary and public and are designated by RFC 3041. IPv6 addresses can be globally routed through the Internet and are meant to shield the client's identity during communication. The IPv6 addresses are temporary and therefore, it does not possess a valid MAC address. Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses look almost similar. IPv6 is a 128-bit address and allows a total of 3.4 x 1038 addresses. In IPv6, ARP is replaced by Neighbor Discovery Protocol or NDP (Cui, Wu, Wu, Vautrin, Lee, 2013). To enable traffic from hosts using private addresses to access internet hosts utilizing a public address, NAT or Network Address Translation is used. NAT allows the conversion of private addresses to public addresses to connect to the Internet. Public addresses are costly and are limited and are therefore only allocated by the ISP. Same private addresses can be multiple times in different networks. Hence, private addresses do not cause conflict on the Internet (Zimu, Wei, Yujun, 2012). RFC1939, a POP3 session is one of the following states: closed, authorization, transaction or update. Diagram showing these four states and how POP3 moves between them Fig 2: Finite State Machine of Post Office Protocol (POP3) (Source: Gellens, Newman, Yao, Fujiwara, 2013) POP3 is a client/server protocol. A POP3 session starts by contacting POP3 server by a POP3 client by making a TCP connection in the Authorization state. When the authentication is successful, the client does mail access transactions in the Transaction state. When the action is finished, the session is closed down by the client and automatically Update state is entered. In Update state, the POP3 session ends after the cleanup functions are completed (Gellens, Newman, Yao, Fujiwara, 2013). Explanation of Distributed Hash Table (DHT) and its use in P2P networks DHT or Distributed Hash Tables are algorithms used in current P2P applications to provide a fault tolerant, scalable, reliable, and efficient way to handle peer-to-peer networks. They are used in P2P applications to keep and fetch data efficiently (Zhang Li, 2014). He, Dong, Zhao, Wang, Qiang (2016) stated that, to control the P2P network, DHTs maintain a centralized server instead of a decentralized server. The system, therefore, is composed of different parts (p. 61). In P2P network, DHTs accomplish data retrieval and routing in logarithmic time and is fast. DHT makes the system quite robust which it can withstand from large-scale attacks. P2P using DHTs are true P2P applications. Another reason being DHT is employed in P2P network is that P2P applications and networks operate differently from conventional applications, as they centralize critical data which create issues. In DHT P2P, every node in the network is assigned a Globally Unique Identifier or GUID. Example: BitTorrent utilizes DHT or distributed sloppy hash table, to keep trackers torrents peer contact information. Hence, each tracker is a peer. It is implemented over UDP and is based on Kademila. DHT stores the location of peers in its nodes. DHT nodes are present in the BitTorrent clients, which is used to communicate other nodes in the DHT, to get the address of peers to download from utilizing the BitTorrent protocol (Moore, Morrell, Marchany, Tront, 2015, p. 1562) References Ali, A. N. A. (2012). Comparison study between IPV4 IPV6.International Journal of Computer Science Issues,9(3), 314-317. Bora, G., Bora, S., Singh, S., Arsalan, S. M. (2014). OSI reference model: An overview.International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT,7(4). Cui, Y., Wu, J., Wu, P., Vautrin, O., Lee, Y. (2013).Public IPv4-over-IPv6 access network(No. RFC 7040). Edwards, J., Bramante, R. (2015).Networking self-teaching guide: OSI, TCP/IP, LANs, MANs, WANs, implementation, management, and maintenance. John Wiley Sons. Gellens, R., Newman, C., Yao, J., Fujiwara, K. (2013).Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) Support for UTF-8(No. RFC 6856). Goyal, N., Ram, M., Dua, A. K. (2016). An Approach to Investigating Reliability Indices for Tree Topology Network.Cybernetics and Systems, 1-15. He, Q., Dong, Q., Zhao, B., Wang, Y., Qiang, B. (2016). P2P Traffic Optimization based on Congestion Distance and DHT.Journal of Internet Services and Information Security (JISIS),6(2), 53-69. Heidarifar, M., Ghasemi, H. (2016). A network topology optimization model based on substation and node-breaker modeling.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,31(1), 247-255. Moore, R., Morrell, C., Marchany, R., Tront, J. G. (2015, October). Utilizing the BitTorrent DHT for blind rendezvous and information exchange. InMilitary Communications Conference, MILCOM 2015-2015 IEEE(pp. 1560-1565). IEEE. Pandya, K. (2013). Network Structure or Topology.International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies,1(2). Zhang, S. D., Li, L. S. (2014). A Fair Load-balancing Method in Hierarchical DHT-based P2P Network.Information Technology Journal,13(4), 709. Zimu, L., Wei, P., Yujun, L. (2012, June). An innovative Ipv4-ipv6 transition way for internet service provider. InRobotics and Applications (ISRA), 2012 IEEE Symposium on(pp. 672-675). IEEE.

Witch Hunt In Modern Europe Essays - Witchcraft, Witch Trials, Magic

Witch Hunt In Modern Europe The Witch-Hunt in Modern Europe by Brian Levack proved to be an interesting as well as insightful look at the intriguing world of the European practice of witchcraft and witch-hunts. The book offers a solid, reasonable interpretation of the accusation, prosecution, and execution for witchcraft in Europe between 1450 and 1750. Levack focuses mainly on the circumstances from which the witch-hunts emerged, as this report will examine. The causes of witch-hunting have been sometimes in publications portrayed differently from reality. The hunts were not prisoner escapee type hunts but rather a hunt that involved the identification of individuals who were believed to be engaged in a secret activity. Sometimes professional witch-hunters carried on the task, but judicial authorities performed most. The cause of most of these hunts is the multi-causal approach, which sees the emergence of new ideas about the witches and changes in the criminal law statutes. Both point to major religious changes and a lot of social tension among society. The intellectual foundations of the hunts were attributed to the witch's face-to-face pact with the devil and the periodic meetings of witches to engage in practices considered to be barbaric and heinous. The cumulative concept of witchcraft pointed immediately to the devil, the source of the magic and the one most witches adored. There was strong belief then that witches made pacts with the devil. Some would barter their soul to the devil in exchange for a gift or a taste of well being. Many believed that these witches observed a nocturnal Sabbath where they worshipped the devil and paid their homage to him. They were also accused of being an organization known for its cannibalistic practices of infanticide incest. Another component of this cumulative concept was the belief of the flight of witches. The belief for this was contributed to by the assumption that witches took flight from their homes to goto nocturnal meetings without their absence from home being detected. The belief in "flying night witches" was shared by many cultures in the modern world. These women were referred to as strigae, which was one of the many Latin terms for witches. As the reader first opens the legal foundations of witch-hunting, one finds that historically it was a judicial process from discovery to elimination. Levack states that before the thirteenth century European courts used a system of criminal procedure that made all crimes difficult to prosecute. This system was known as the accusatorial system and existed predominantly in northwestern Europe. When the thirteenth century came into being, a new technique, which gave more human judgement in the criminal process, was adopted in Western Europe secular courts. This new court was known as inquisitorial courts. The only difference between the new system and the old when suits were begun by accusation was that the accuser was no longer responsible for the actual prosecution of the case (pg. 72). The new procedures were not in reality an improvement due to the fact that the standards of proof according to inquisitorial procedure were very demanding. Since the adoption of inquisitorial procedure represented a shift from reliance upon man's rational judgement, jurists agreed that it was absolutely necessary for judges to have conclusive proof of guilt before passing sentence (pg. 79). They relied on Roman law and based their conclusions on two eyewitnesses and the confession of the accused. The development of full judicial power given to the state in the prosecution of a crime was a major event. From the early times, the secular courts in Europe had taken part in the witch-hunts, and now as the hunt developed further along, the secular courts grew an even greater role in the process. This caused a decline in ecclesiastical court participation due to the fact that governments defined witchcraft as a secular crime, and the temporal courts of some countries had a monopoly on the prosecution. The prosecution of magic was a "mixed jurisdiction" taken on by both courts but when convicted the guilty were executed under secular law. Since secular courts had jurisdiction over magic and maleficium they primarily assumed the significant role in prosecuting witches. As the hunt gathered steam in the sixteenth century, the developments resulted in a reduction of clerical jurisdiction and an increase in the amount of secular concern with it. The main reason was the defining of witchcraft as a secular crime. All of these factors led to a large-scale witch-hunts in Scotland but in some countries the retention of ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the crime led to a decline in

Tattoos from tribal to fashion Research Paper Example

Tattoos from tribal to fashion Research Paper Example Tattoos from tribal to fashion Paper Tattoos from tribal to fashion Paper Because ornate clothing was only allowed to be worn by royalty, the middle class adorned themselves with ornate body tattoos instead. It was in 1691 that tattooing remerged in Western Europe in civilized society. Sailor and explorer William Dampier brought to London the heavily tattooed Polynesian Prince Giolo, known as the Painted Prince. He was placed on exhibition and caused great amazement. This was a certain money maker for William Dampier, as there had been an absence of tattoos in the West for six centuries. However, it would be another one hundred years before tattooing would really make its mark on the West. In the late 1700s the famous explorer Captain Cook made several trips to the South Pacific. London society revelled in his stories and embraced both the art and artefacts he brought back to the West. On his return from his second trip, Cook brought back one artefact, which would yet again make a sensation in London, a heavily tattooed Polynesian male called Omani. Soon after, members of the higher society were demanding and getting smaller discreetly placed tattoos of their own. The great Omani was seen as a noble savage, and though his tour was clearly a more refined version , he was regarded a sideshow exhibit . Already the tattoo was starting to become a Fad or fashion accessories. In early America tattooing was still in the elitist stage and although we see the tattoo most often displayed by the native Americans, it is well known that tattooing was also practiced by royalty, with many of the elites of European moving to America in search of fortunes. It often amazes people when they hear that people such as, King George V, King Oscar of Sweden, Sir Winston Churchills mother, Grand Duke Alexis of Russia and even King Harold were tattooed. While this portion of society is small their influences have prevailed in establishing mainstream ideology. Tattoo, was at one time, a very expensive and unavailable form of art to mainstream society, which reinforced the attraction to those who regarded themselves amongst the elite. In 1891 the art form was once again transformed with the invention of the first electric tattooing machine by Samuel ORiley. His invention made tattooing readily available and reasonably priced for everyone, which meant that the average person could now get a tattoo. Because of this the elitist turned away from this art form and tattooing became a fashion accessory of the masses. This transformation from elitist art to common art, lead tattooing to be associated with the lower classes of society. The troubled people or those who travelled with the circus often displayed tattoos and were associated extravagant facial designs, full body suits and sometimes freakish patterns, which transformed the meaning of this art once again. By the turn of the 20th century the cultural view of tattooing had changed, it was now seen more as a sleazier art form for the poorer classes of society and gradually went underground. Few tattooists were accepted into street society and no longer where they regarded as artists. Once again, opinions changed about tattooing and gradually it became more acceptable, especially during the second world war when the tattoo became part of the signature of the military personal. The pledge to stay with your outfit couldnt be displayed better than a piece of art work that would never fade. This type of fraternity between sailors and other military personal grew in popularity. Today this type of pledge tattoo can be seen among college students who pledge loyalty to their fraternities, or street gang members showing their loyalty to the gang. Many pledge tattoos are common among many different types of crowds. However, the booming impact became apparent throughout the 1940s and 1950s when once again tattooing came back to mainstream society. Many men displayed them proudly, later telling their children about the wars they had fought and the friends they had lost, all based upon a single tattoo marking a dramatic time in their lives. Time marking types of tattoo are now common, if you ask someone today why they have a certain tattoo, you may hear a story of how that tattoo marked a certain time frame in their personal life. The most common tattoo displayed by military personal is that of lady luck, their unit, military division, and the American eagle . Tattoo shops were generally located near barracks and docks so they could tattoo the incoming military personal. The tattoo shops soon discovered these locations also brought them closure to the criminal element of society and soon many of the tattooed were criminals. After the second world war the tattoo was once again seen as the mark of the deviants within society. Rebellious boys and girls resorted to the tattoo, based on the notion that to have a tattoo was to outside mainstream society. This marked them in a way that displayed their ideology of not wanting to take part in mainstream social order. Soon the military personal that fought for his or her country, who previously displayed with pride their tattoos, began to cover them with shame. Tattooing once again fell from grace. The movement throughout society to regard tattoo as something deviant, and/or savage, was mainly because of mainstream ideology. The culture surrounding the art form had never felt that tattoos were a deviant practice, even though many tattooists often spoke of physically fighting with customers. However the art world did go through transformations and the people related to the art were soon associated with deviants. The best known groups of the time being bikers, who received tattoos to pledge their fraternities within their particular group. Most often displaying their colours or slogans of the group, these bikers fought amongst themselves and caused mayhem where ever they went, often ending up jail, once again giving the impression that tattooing followed the deviant. Through the transformation from elitist to freak, and now to deviant/savage, the art of tattooing signified who not to be associated with. Such association with the tattoo, would once again alienate the wearer from society. As if the name of tattoo wasnt already mud in society, in 1961 there was an out break of hepatitis and tattooing was sent reeling on its heels. Though most tattoo shops had sterilization machines, few actually used them. Newspapers reported stories of blood poisoning, hepatitis and other diseases. The general population held tattoo parlours in disrepute, and even todays tattoo parlours are still suffering the consequences of the past reputation. A health code violation went into effect therefore leading to many tattoo parlours shutting down. The hippies of the 60s created many new aspects of how tattooing was viewed and valued by the mainstream society. However, towards the end of the 1960s attitudes towards tattooing changed, much of the credit goes to Lyle Tuttle. He was a charming, interesting man who knew how to use the media to own advantage. His clientele included celebrities and in particular beautiful women and was approached by magazines and television seeking out information about this ancient art form. The transformation of the art had never been so swift. The growth of acceptance has grown more over the last 10 years than any other time in history. We have seen this by the advertisers use of tattoos, to the MTV crowd of the 80s, treading their way into the business offices of the world. All classes of people seek the best tattoo artists. This rise in popularity has placed tattooists in the category of fine artists. The tattooist has garnered a respect not seen for over 100 years. Today the artwork varies between the older designs, to work done by loved ones, to even abstract pieces. The artwork has been shown in galleries around the world and the prices for them have skyrocketed. Many people today have even committed to neck and arm tattoo, although social acceptance hasnt transformed to this extent, it is believed that it soon will. If you take a look inside of your local tattoo studio you will see the difference of what it was yesterday, and what is today. Many of the transformations of the art of tattoo have been based around social values, social change and those in power defining mainstream values. This has led tattoo down many roads and we will just have to wait to see where the next bend will be. From my findings I have been able to come to the conclusion that tattoos have indeed moved from being a tribal art form too a more socially accepted admired fashionable art form. This has happened in a totally natural form of evolution. Through the many centuries of tattoo history, it has been the change into a multi cultural world along with a change with our general cultural views that has helped change the art form. As our ancestors began to accept the art form they also changed its meanings. Although sometimes still showing the station in life of the wearer, the tattoo was very much just another fashion. This was the distinction up to the 1890s but when tattoos became readily available this saw the biggest change occur, now everyone could get a tattoo, it wasnt about station in life anymore but fashion, this is still the case today people of all walks of life from dustbin men to doctors, men and women alike get tattoos, now making it an accepted art form in its own right. Art that can be found displayed in galleries, museums and magazines. Although I feel that the tattoo has lost its original meanings, I do acknowledge the fact that in some cases the tattoo could be viewed still as tribal, what I mean by this is there are still groups in the world such as the Hells Angles and other gangs who have tattoos of a tribal nature and in fact you could argue that everyone that has a tattoo is a member of the tattoo tribe. Bibliography Steven G. Gilbert. Tattoo History Source Book Amy Krakow. Total Tattoo Book Clinton R. Sanders. Customizing the Body: The Art and Culture of Tattooing Thanks to.

laheys teaching technique essays

laheys teaching technique essays Essay on Lahey Introductory Notes After reading the introductory notes, I believe that the most important point that was presented in the notes was the definition of psychology. In order to understand the different causes and effects of psychology, you must first be able to know and understand the definition of it. Lahey defines psychology as the sciences of behavior and mental processes, and then he elaborates the meaning to make sure that we fully understand the definition of psychology. Unlike any other sciences, psychology is the only science where you use the mind to study the mind. I believe that the second most important point that Lahey presents in the introductory is the note on cognitive learning. Lahey understands that psychology is probably an unfamiliar subject to us, therefore, he gives us guidelines to help us better understand what we are reading. He states that we must apply what we already know with the information that we learn in the textbook. He also states that we must be able to apply, ask questions, and be able to clarify the new information that we read. I think that this section of the notes will be extremely helpful to me in the future. Another important piece of information that lahey gives us is the goals of psychology. This helps us to better understand the courses objectives. It also gives us a glimpse of what we are going to learn about in the near future. He states that we should be able to describe, understand, predict and influence behavior and mental process. Not only should you be able to know and comprehend what you read, but you should also be able to fully understand it. ...

Automation Tools Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Automation Tools - Math Problem Example The pane, labeled 'Classes' (encircled in blue), displays the name of all objects that are contained in the library, VBA; these objects are called classes, modules and enumerations. These objects have constants, properties and functions, which are listed in pane, labeled 'Members of XXXXX' (encircled in green), through which they define their attributes and set of actions that they can perform. For example, in above figure, it can be noted that there are only two constants, vbModal and vbModaless, are defined in enumeration, FormShowConstant. Also note that the summarized detail for the selected member, vbModaless, is also displayed in the bottom pane (encircled in pink). Executes code one statement at a time; when not in design mode, Step Into enters break mode at the current line of execution. If the statement is a call to a procedure, the next statement displayed is the first statement in the procedure. At design time, this menu item begins execution and enters break mode before the first line of code is executed. This option is similar to Step Into; the difference in use occurs when the current statement contains a call to a procedure. It executes the procedure as a unit, and then steps to the next statement in the current procedure. ... For example, in above figure, it can be noted that there are only two constants, vbModal and vbModaless, are defined in enumeration, FormShowConstant. Also note that the summarized detail for the selected member, vbModaless, is also displayed in the bottom pane (encircled in pink). Question 1(c): What debugging facilities are available within the Visual Basic Editor (VBA IDE).Describe how they might be used to debug code Answer 1(c): In Visual Basic Editor, all debugging facilities can be accessed through options that are available in 'Debug' menu; this menu contains the following menu items: 1. Step Into Executes code one statement at a time; when not in design mode, Step Into enters break mode at the current line of execution. If the statement is a call to a procedure, the next statement displayed is the first statement in the procedure. At design time, this menu item begins execution and enters break mode before the first line of code is executed. If there is no current execution point, the Step Into command may appear to do nothing until something is done that triggers code, for example clicking on a document. 2. Step Over This option is similar to Step Into; the difference in use occurs when the current statement contains a call to a procedure. It executes the procedure as a unit, and then steps to the next statement in the current procedure. Therefore, the next statement displayed is the next statement in the current procedure regardless of whether the current statement is a call to another procedure. This option is available in break mode only. 3. Step Out Executes the remaining lines of a function in which the current execution point lies. The next statement displayed is the statement following the procedure call. All of the code is executed